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Sultanpur (Hindi: सुल्तानपुर, Urdu: سلطان پور) is a city and a municipal board in Sultanpur district  is in the Indian state Uttar Pradesh. It is located in the center of and is the administrative headquarters of Sultanpur District. It is an ancient town situated on the right bank of Gomati River, to the south east of Lucknow and midway between Varanasi and Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh, India. It came under the Muslim reign in the 12th century. The town was completely destroyed during the military operations in the Revolt of 1857. Major points of attractions include the Victoria Manzil and Christ Church. The Chimanlal Park is also worth a visit. Regular trains connect the city with Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, a government engineering college, is located in the city.  

 

Lord Rama divided, during his life-time, his vast kingdom among his  brothers and sons. His son, Kush succeeded to the south Kosala with its capital at Ayodhya. The old city of Sultanpur which lay on the right bank of the Gomti is said to have been called Kusapura or Kusabhavanpur, having been named after Kusa, who is locally believed to have founded it.

     Kusa appears to have extended the Aryan ideals and institutions to the Vindhya region. The story of his marriage with a Nag princess testifies that he propagated Vedic culture among aborigines. Afterwards the central power of Kosala became week and Dirghayajna, the ruler of Ayodhya, was subdued by Bhima, one of five Pandavas in the Mahabharata War (Mahabharata, Sabhaparva).

[Lord Kusha at  Sitakund Ghat ]

A few generations later, in the period of king Para, Ayodhya was occupied by the king Divakara of Sravasti branch, founded by Rama's second son, Lava. The District then began to be ruled over by the Kosala kings from their capital at Sravasti. The tract of river Gomti around the village Dhopap (pargana Chanda, tehsil Kadipur) is described as Dhutpap in Visnu Puran

Historical Background

The Sultanpur district Gazeteer published in 1903 A.D. throws some light on the history and origin of the district. It is seen that the chief land owning families of the past were the Rajputs of the various clans, who possessed 76.16 percent of the total land area. Among them the Rajkumars along-held over one-fourth of the district, while their kinsmen, the Bachgotis and Rajwars owned 11.4 and 3.4 percent, respectively.

 

Another member of the Rajwars family was the Raja of Hasanpur. Allied to him were the families of Maniarpur and Gangeo and between them they owned a large portion of the central area. Next to Bachgotis and their kinsmen come the Bandhalgotis, who owned almost the whole of Amethi pargana. Their head was the Raja of Amethi, while the taluqdar Shahgarh belonged to the same clan.

 

The Rajputs with large properties in the district were the Bhale Sultans who owned 4.72 percent, the Kanhapurias with 4.7 percent, and the Bais with 2.8 percent. Of the Bhale Sultans half were Hindus and half Muslims. They were dwelling in the north west corner of the district in the parganas of Isauli, Musafirkhana and Jagdishpur.

 The Kanhpurias were chiefly confined to pargana Gaura Jamo, almost the whole of which belonged to them. The Bais were scattered about in small groups.Another important branch of the land owning clans was the house of Raj Sah. Raj Sah had three sons, Ishri Singh, Chakrasen Singh and Rup Chand. From Ishari Singh, after nine generations came Bijai Chand, who had three sons. Harkaran Deo. Jit Rai, and Jionarain.

Harkaran Deo was the ancestor of Nanemau taluqdar; the descendants of Jit Rai were the owners of Meopur Dahla, Meopur Dhaurua, and Bhadaiyan; and from Jionarain descended the Raja of Dera. The fourth descendant of Jionarain led the first of the six colonies of Rajkumars across the Gomti and planted himself at Dera on the banks of the river. This house became one of the main branches of the Bachgotis of Sultanpur.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century Babu Madho Singh, eleventh in descent from Jionarain was the rular of the estate which consisted of 101 villages. Babu Madho Singh who is remembered as the successful leader and who managed his property well died in 1823. He was succeeded by his widow, Thakurain Dariao Kunwar, a most remarkable woman, who through toil and turmoil not only bravely held her own, but added to her estates than her husband had done in his life time. The direct line of succession had ended with the death of Thakurain's husband, Babu Madho singh. The Next male collateral heir was Babu Rustam Sah, whom Thakurain disliked. Babu Rustam Sah was in the service of Maharaja Man Singh, the nazim of the day and with his help succeeded in capturing Thakurain and made her write a deed in his favour. That formidable woman, whose pride was hurt grieved for a few months and died. Rustam Sah was given the possession of the property by the nazim. Rustam Sah came to know later that the nazim had ulterior motives in helping him. A fight would have followed and Rustam would have killed nazim, but for a pandit who advised him that the time was not propitious.

Later, Rustam Sah sought asylum across the British border and was made the taluqdar of Dera, which consisted of 336 villages. Rustam Sah rendered excellent service during the Mutiny. He died in 1877 and was succeeded by his nephew, Raja Rudra Pratap Singh.Bariar Singh.

 The youngest brother of Rustam Sah, received an estate of 20 villages and three pattis in the parganas of Baraunsa and Aldemau in return for services rendered during the Mutiny. This property was known as Damodra or Sultanpur.

All these local rajas were under the control of Dilli Hukumat and Nawabs of Avadh. 

Demographics As of 2001 India census, [1] Sultanpur had a population of 100,085. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sultanpur has an average literacy rate of 92.5,higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 97%, and female literacy is 88%. In Sultanpur, 13% of the population is under 7 years of age.

 

KRITIKA DWIVEDI	PIYUSH GUPTA	RIZWAN A. KHAN